Der Nachmittag des dritten Tags der Robophilosophy 2022 startete mit drei Sessions und einem Workshop. Session 17 („Social Norms and Roles II“) wurde bestritten von Jaime Banks („Breaking the Typecast? Moral Status and Trust in Robotic Moral Patients“, mit Kevin Koban und Brad Haggadone), Tom Coggins („Called Back on Stage: Dramaturgic Analysis, Domestic Social Robots, and Privacy“) sowie Keren Mazuz („Folding and Unfolding Human-Humanoid Robot Interactions: Through an Anthropological Analysis of Play“, mit Ryuji Yamazaki). Keren Mazuz ging auf den Telenoid ein, der aus der Forschung von Hiroshi Ishiguro bekannt ist (und der ein Vorgänger und Verwandter von Hugvie ist). Nach der Kaffeepause hielt Rachid Alami die unterhaltsame und reichhaltige Keynote „Decisional issues for Human-Robot Joint Action“. Er zeigte einen Ausschnitt aus dem Film „Modern Times“ (1936) von und mit Charlie Chaplin mit einem Fütterroboter, erwähnte Systeme und Konzepte wie BDI Systems, wobei die Abkürzung für „beliefs“, „desires“ und „intentions“ steht, und die Human-Robot Joint Action. Danach fuhr man mit dem Schiff zum Dinner auf das Suomenlinna Fortress Island.
Der Vormittag des dritten Tags der Robophilosophy 2022 begann mit der Keynote „Robots, Institutional Roles and Functions“ von Seumas Miller. Er schloss bestimmte Fähigkeiten und Eigenschaften von Robotern kategorisch aus, was in der Diskussionsrunde die Kritiker auf den Plan rief. Seine Behauptung, Roboter könnten keine moralischen Agenten (also keine moralischen Subjekte) sein, konterte Catrin Misselhorn, eine erfahrene Maschinenethikerin, mit der Feststellung, sie könnten durchaus funktionale moralische Agenten sein, wenn auch keine vollständigen. Tatsächlich werden seit vielen Jahren moralische Maschinen in genau diesem Sinne gebaut: Sie erhalten moralische Regeln und halten sich daran. Es folgten am Vormittag drei Sessions und ein Workshop. Bei Session 12 („HRI I“) sprachen u.a. Kerstin Fischer und Johanna Seibt. Session 14 („Social norms and roles I“) wurde mit Vorträgen von Anna Strasser und Michael Wilby („The AI-Stance: Crossing the Terra Incognita of Human-Machine Interactions?“), Kirsikka Kaipainen („Identifying Opportunities for Social Robots in Youth Services: A Case Study of a Youth Guidance Center“, mit Salla Jarske und Kaisa Väänänen) sowie Laetitia Tanqueray und Stefan Larsson („What Norms Are Social Robots Reflecting? A Socio-Legal Exploration on HRI Developers“) bespielt. Danach ging es in die Mittagspause.
Der zweite Tag der Konferenz wurde von einem Vortrag von Virginia Dignum über „Responsible AI: From Principles to Action“ eröffnet. Bis zum Lunch gab es vier parallele Sessions. Session 6 („Robots in Elderly Care“) umfasste die Talks von Migle Laukyte („Right to Robot or a Duty to Older Generations“) und Peter Remmers („Social Robots in Care Facilities“, zusammen mit Nele Fischer). Workshop 3 („ELSI of the Avatar Symbiotic Society“) wurde von Hiroshi Ishiguro mit „Realisation of the Avatar Symbiotic Society: The Concept and Technologies“ eröffnet. Anders als 2018 war er nicht vor Ort, sondern über Zoom zugeschaltet. Seine Vision ist, dass im Jahre 2050 viele Menschen einen oder mehrere Avatare besitzen, wobei er damit nicht virtuelle, sondern physische Repräsentanten meint. Der eine oder andere Teilnehmer fragte sich, warum er nicht seinen eigenen Avatar, den Geminoid, nach Helsinki geschickt hatte. Parallel fanden drei Sessions statt. In Session 7 („Relational Accounts“) stellte Miriam Gorr in „How We Respond to Robots and Whether It Matters Morally“ die Ansätze von John Danaher, Robert Sparrow and Mark Coeckelbergh zum moralischen Status von Maschinen auf den Prüfstand. Nach der Kaffeepause folgten zwei Workshops und zwei Sessions. In Session 10 („Robots in Healthcare II“) ging Iva Apostolova auf „The Significance of the Sense of Touch for the Use of Social Robots in Care Settings“ ein. Oliver Bendel wies in der Diskussionsrunde auf Umarmungsroboter, Liebespuppen und Sexroboter hin. Den Schlusspunkt bildete die Keynote „Socially Assistive Robotics – Methods and Implications for the Future of Work and Care“ von Maja Matarić. Sie kombiniert die Präsenz der Roboter und deren Funktionen mit Mixed Reality. Danach ging es in die nahegelegene City Hall, wo die Stadt Helsinki die Wissenschaftler empfing und umsorgte.
At the Robophilosophy conference 2018 in Vienna, Hiroshi Ishiguro gave a keynote, as did Guy Standing, Catelijne Muller, Oliver Bendel, and others. His personal presence, combined with provocative statements, inspired many attendees. In Helsinki in 2022, he joined online and gave a talk („Realization of the Avatar Symbiotic Society: The Concept and Technologies“) within the workshop „ELSI of the Avatar Symbiotic Society“. The workshop was announced on the website as follows: „We are currently promoting a project to develop (physical or virtual) avatar technology and to create a society where everyone can engage in various activities as they wish, beyond physical constraints, by using avatars. We are particularly concerned with enriching our communications, interactions, and relationships through avatars. However, this aim cannot be achieved by technology alone. We have to consider the ELSI (ethical, legal and social issues) concerning avatars as well. In this workshop, the speakers will introduce some of our technologies and then raise ethical and legal questions concerning avatars. Then we would like to discuss these issues with all the participants.“ (Website Robophilosophy) Further information via cas.au.dk/robophilosophy/conferences/rpc2022/program.
Fig.: Hiroshi Ishiguro and his ideas of the year 2050
On the first day (August 16, 2022) of the Robophilosophy conference, Katharina Kühne (University of Potsdam) presented a poster on a project she had carried out together with Melinda A. Jeglinski-Mende from the same university. Oliver Bendel (School of Business FHNW) was also involved in the margins. The paper is titled „Tamagotchi on our couch: Are social robots perceived as pets?“. The abstract states: „Although social robots increasingly enter our lives, it is not clear how they are perceived. Previous research indicates that there is a tendency to anthropomorphize social robots, at least in the Western culture. One of the most promising roles of robots in our society is companionship. Pets also fulfill this role, which gives their owners health and wellbeing benefits. In our study, we investigated if social robots can implicitly and explicitly be perceived as pets. In an online experiment, we measured implicit associations between pets and robots using pictures of robots and devices, as well as attributes denoting pet and non-pet features, in a Go/No-Go Association Task (GNAT). Further, we asked our participants to explicitly evaluate to what extent they perceive robots as pets and if robots could replace a real pet. Our findings show that implicitly, but not explicitly, social robots are perceived as pets.“ (Abstract) The conference program is available via cas.au.dk/robophilosophy/conferences/rpc2022/program.
Fig.: Katharina Kühne presents the poster in Helsinki
Nach Worten der Begrüßung von Raul Hakli, Pekka Mäkelä und Johanna Seibt startete die Robophilosophy 2022 mit einem Vortrag von Sven Nyholm zum Thema „A New Control Problem? Humanoid Robots, AI, and the Value of Control“. In Session 1 („Robots in Law and Policing“) sprachen danach Oliver Bendel („Robots in Policing“), Cindy Friedman („Granting Negative Rights to Humanoid Robots“) und Jakob Stenseke („The Use and Abuse of Normative Ethics for Moral Machines“). Parallel fanden drei Workshops statt, darunter „Regulation of the Use of Social Robotics in Care Settings: A Simulation“. Im Anschluss wurden vier Poster präsentiert, eines davon von Katharina Kühne, Melinda A. Jeglinski-Mende und Oliver Bendel („Tamagotchi on our couch: Are social robots perceived as pets?“). Am späteren Nachmittag referierte David Gunkel zum Thema „Robots Should Not be Slaves“ – eine Auffassung, die etwa Joanna Bryson oder Oliver Bendel nicht in dieser Weise teilen. Er leitete den Workshop, bei dem mehrere Vorträge gehalten und ganz unterschiedliche Ansichten ausgetauscht wurden. Parallel fanden ein weiterer Workshop sowie Session 2 („Robots in Education“) statt. Den Ausklang bildete der Empfang der Universität Helsinki mit Wein, Hummus und Fladenbrot. Die Robophilosophy gilt als die wichtigste Konferenz zu sozialen Robotern aus gesellschaftlicher Perspektive. Sie findet vom 16. bis zum 19. August 2022 an der Universität Helsinki statt.
Abb.: Sven Nyholm bei seinem Vortrag an der Universität Helsinki
Robophilosophy 2022 at the University of Helsinki is the fifth event in the biennial Robophilosophy Conference Series. It „will explore the societal significance of social robots for the future of social institutions with its usual broad scope, embracing both theoretical and practical angles“ (CfP Robophilosophy). It „is an invitation to philosophers and other SSH researchers, as well as researchers in social robotics and HRI, to investigate from interdisciplinarily informed perspectives whether and how social robotics as an interdisciplinary endeavour can contribute to the ability of our institutions to perform their functions in society“ (CfP Robophilosophy). Social institutions include retirement and nursing homes, strip clubs and brothels, monasteries and seminaries, and police departments. Oliver Bendel (School of Business FHNW) will have the opportunity to present his paper entitled „Robots in Policing“ in session 1, „Robots in Law and Policing“. Cindy Friedman („Granting Negative Rights to Humanoid Robots“) and Jakob Stenseke („The Use and Abuse of Normative Ethics for Moral Machines“) will speak after him. In addition, a poster by Katharina Kühne and Melinda Mende (University of Potsdam) as well als Oliver Bendel entitled „Tamagotchi on our couch: Are social robots perceived as pets?“ was accepted. The full program is now available online.
On June 30, 2022, the paper „Should Social Robots in Retail Manipulate Customers?“ by Oliver Bendel and Liliana Margarida Dos Santos Alves was published on arxiv.org. It was presented at the AAAI 2022 Spring Symposium „How Fair is Fair? Achieving Wellbeing AI“ at Stanford University and came in third place in the Best Presentation Awards. From the abstract: „Against the backdrop of structural changes in the retail trade, social robots have found their way into retail stores and shopping malls in order to attract, welcome, and greet customers; to inform them, advise them, and persuade them to make a purchase. Salespeople often have a broad knowledge of their product and rely on offering competent and honest advice, whether it be on shoes, clothing, or kitchen appliances. However, some frequently use sales tricks to secure purchases. The question arises of how consulting and sales robots should “behave”. Should they behave like human advisors and salespeople, i.e., occasionally manipulate customers? Or should they be more honest and reliable than us? This article tries to answer these questions. After explaining the basics, it evaluates a study in this context and gives recommendations for companies that want to use consulting and sales robots. Ultimately, fair, honest, and trustworthy robots in retail are a win-win situation for all concerned.“ The paper will additionally be published in the proceedings volume of the symposium by the end of summer. It can be downloaded via arxiv.org/abs/2206.14571.
Fig.: Social robots with sales tricks (Photo: Daimler and Benz Foundation)
Ziel des First Geriatronics Summit ist, die aktuellen und geplanten Robotiklösungen im Kontext der Geriatronik zu beleuchten und die politischen Entscheidungsträger für die entsprechenden Technologien zu sensibilisieren. Die Veranstaltung, die am 20. und 21. Juni 2022 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen stattfinden wird, will laut Website folgende Fragen beantworten: 1. Wie kann man mit Hilfe von Geriatronik dem zunehmenden Mangel und den geografischen Unterschieden bei den Pflegekräften und der überlasteten Gesundheitsversorgung begegnen? 2. Wie können Robotik und KI die Unabhängigkeit, Mobilität, Selbstbestimmung und Gesundheit älterer Menschen so lange wie möglich fördern? 3. Was sind die Regeln der Autonomie und wie lassen sich moralische, ethische, kulturelle und persönliche Herausforderungen und Dilemmata für die Geriatronik angehen? Eingeladene Wissenschaftler sind Prof. Dr.-Ing. Tamim Asfour (KIT Karlsruhe), Dr. Sylvain Calinon (EPFL), Dr. Tadej Petrič (Jožef Stefan Institute), Dr. Matteo Laffranchi (Italian Institute of Technology – IIT), Prof. Adriana Tapus (Institut Polytechnique de Paris), Prof. Jim Tørresen (University of Oslo), Prof. Dr.-Ing. Sami Haddadin (TUM), Prof. Dr. med. Alena M. Buyx (TUM), Prof. Dr. oec. Oliver Bendel (Hochschule für Wirtschaft FHNW), Prof. Dr. Christian Djeffal (TUM), Prof. Vera Lúcia Raposo (University of Coimbra), Prof. Dr. Lee Bygrave (University of Oslo) und Prof. Dr. Martin Ebers (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin/University of Tartu). Getragen wird die Veranstaltung u.a. vom Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence (MIRMI) der Technischen Universität München (TUM) und von der VolkswagenStiftung.
Am 31. Mai 2022 hält Oliver Bendel eine Keynote bei der Learntec, der größten E-Learning-Messe und -Konferenz Europas. Zum ersten Mal hatte er in Karlsruhe im Jahre 2001 als Leiter des CC E-Learning an der Universität St. Gallen vorgetragen („Learning Center und Competence Center E-Learning“). Die letzten Auftritte fanden 2003 und 2004 statt („Das St. Galler E-Learning-Referenzmodell“). Das diesjährige Thema ist „Kollegen, Freunde, Partner: Welche Versprechen soziale Roboter geben und welche sie halten“. Seit der Jahrtausendwende beschäftigt sich der studierte Philosoph und promovierte Wirtschaftsinformatiker mit Conversational Agents und sozialen Robotern. War es damals vor allem der pädagogische Kontext gewesen und um pädagogische Agenten gegangen, stehen seit 2010 Pflege und Therapie sowie Unterhaltung im Vordergrund. Zudem interessiert sich Oliver Bendel für Extremsituationen, in denen man Chatbots, Sprachassistenten und soziale Roboter einsetzen kann, und er entwickelt mit seinen Teams tierfreundliche Maschinen. Auf der Learntec fragt er danach, wie es um die Zuverlässigkeit von sozialen Robotern bestellt ist und welche Versprechen sie geben und halten (oder nicht halten). Das vollständige Programm kann hier aufgerufen werden.
Abb.: Was verspricht und hält Pepper? (Foto: Daimler und Benz Stiftung)
Robophilosophy 2022 is the fifth event in the biennial Robophilosophy Conference Series. It „will explore the societal significance of social robots for the future of social institutions with its usual broad scope, embracing both theoretical and practical angles“ (CfP Robophilosophy). It „is an invitation to philosophers and other SSH researchers, as well as researchers in social robotics and HRI, to investigate from interdisciplinarily informed perspectives whether and how social robotics as an interdisciplinary endeavour can contribute to the ability of our institutions to perform their functions in society“ (CfP Robophilosophy). Social institutions include retirement and nursing homes, strip clubs and brothels, monasteries and seminaries, and police departments. As announced by the organizers on April 15, Oliver Bendel (School of Business FHNW) will have the opportunity to present his paper entitled „Robots in Policing“ at the conference. It is about how service robots and social robots are changing policing as „social work“. In addition, a poster by Katharina Kühne and Melinda Mende (University of Potsdam) as well als Oliver Bendel entitled „Tamagotchi on our couch: Are social robots perceived as pets?“ was accepted.
The AAAI 2022 Spring Symposium „How Fair is Fair? Achieving Wellbeing AI“ will be held March 21-23 at Stanford University. The symposium website states: „What are the ultimate outcomes of artificial intelligence? AI has the incredible potential to improve the quality of human life, but it also presents unintended risks and harms to society. The goal of this symposium is (1) to combine perspectives from the humanities and social sciences with technical approaches to AI and (2) to explore new metrics of success for wellbeing AI, in contrast to ‚productive AI‘, which prioritizes economic incentives and values.“ (Website „How Fair is Fair“) After two years of pandemics, the AAAI Spring Symposia are once again being held in part locally. However, several organizers have opted to hold them online. „How fair is fair“ is a hybrid event. On site speakers include Takashi Kido, Oliver Bendel, Robert Reynolds, Stelios Boulitsakis-Logothetis, and Thomas Goolsby. The figure below shows a part of the program with the presentations of the mornings and early afternoons of March 21 and 22. More information via sites.google.com/view/hfif-aaai-2022/program.
Robophilosophy 2022 is the fifth event in the biennial Robophilosophy Conference Series. The first call for papers (CfP) was published in November 2021, the second at the end of 2021, and the final on February 25, 2022. The extended deadline for submissions of extended abstracts and full papers is March 10, 2022. The event „will explore the societal significance of social robots for the future of social institutions with its usual broad scope, embracing both theoretical and practical angles“ (CfP Robophilosophy). It „is an invitation to philosophers and other SSH researchers, as well as researchers in social robotics and HRI, to investigate from interdisciplinarily informed perspectives whether and how social robotics as an interdisciplinary endeavour can contribute to the ability of our institutions to perform their functions in society“ (CfP Robophilosophy). Topics of interest are robots and social institutions in general, robots in law and policing, robots in healthcare, and robots and social justice, amongst others. The conference will be held at the University of Helsinki in Finland from August 16-19, 2022. More information via www.rp2022.org.
The Ethics of Conversational User Interfaces workshop at the ACM CHI 2022 conference „will consolidate ethics-related research of the past and set the agenda for future CUI research on ethics going forward“. „This builds on previous CUI workshops exploring theories and methods, grand challenges and future design perspectives, and collaborative interactions.“ (CfP CUI) From the Call for Papers: „In what ways can we advance our research on conversational user interfaces (CUIs) by including considerations on ethics? As CUIs, like Amazon Alexa or chatbots, become commonplace, discussions on how they can be designed in an ethical manner or how they change our views on ethics of technology should be topics we engage with as a community.“ (CfP CUI) Paper submission deadline is 24 February 2022. The workshop is scheduled to take place in New Orleans on 21 April 2022. More information is available via www.conversationaluserinterfaces.org/workshops/CHI2022/.
Robophilosophy 2022 is the fifth event in the biennial Robophilosophy Conference Series. The first call for papers (CfP) was published in November 2021, and the second at the end of 2021. The extended deadline for submissions of extended abstracts and full papers is February 28, 2022. The event „will explore the societal significance of social robots for the future of social institutions with its usual broad scope, embracing both theoretical and practical angles“ (CfP Robophilosophy). It „is an invitation to philosophers and other SSH researchers, as well as researchers in social robotics and HRI, to investigate from interdisciplinarily informed perspectives whether and how social robotics as an interdisciplinary endeavour can contribute to the ability of our institutions to perform their functions in society“ (CfP Robophilosophy). Topics of interest are robots and social institutions in general, robots in law and policing, robots in healthcare, and robots and social justice, amongst others. The conference will be held at the University of Helsinki in Finland from August 16-19, 2022. More information via www.rp2022.org.
The paper „The SPACE THEA Project“ by Martin Spathelf and Oliver Bendel was accepted at the AAAI 2022 Spring Symposia (Stanford University). The two authors will present it at the end of March 2022 at the symposium „How Fair is Fair? Achieving Wellbeing AI“. From the abstract: „In some situations, no professional human contact can be available. Accordingly, one remains alone with one’s problems and fears. A manned Mars flight is certainly such a situation. A voice assistant that shows empathy and assists the astronauts could be a solution. In the SPACE THEA project, a prototype with such capabilities was developed using Google Assistant and Dialogflow Essentials. The voice assistant has a personality based on characteristics such as functional intelligence, sincerity, creativity, and emotional intelligence. It proves itself in seven different scenarios designed to represent the daily lives of astronauts, addressing operational crises and human problems. The paper describes the seven scenarios in detail, and lists technical and conceptual foundations of the voice assistant. Finally, the most important results are stated and the chapters are summarized.“ More information about the AAAI 2022 Spring Symposia is available here.
The paper „Should Social Robots in Retail Manipulate Customers?“ by Oliver Bendel and Liliana Margarida Dos Santos Alves was accepted at the AAAI 2022 Spring Symposia (Stanford University). The two authors will present it at the end of March 2022 at the symposium „How Fair is Fair? Achieving Wellbeing AI“. From the abstract: „Against the backdrop of structural changes in the retail trade, social robots have found their way into retail stores and shopping malls in order to attract, welcome, and greet customers; to inform them, advise them, and persuade them to make a purchase. Salespeople often have a broad knowledge of their product and rely on offering competent and honest advice, whether it be on shoes, clothing, or kitchen appliances. However, some frequently use sales tricks to secure purchases. The question arises of how consulting and sales robots should ‚behave‘. Should they behave like human advisors and salespeople, i.e., occasionally manipulate customers? Or should they be more honest and reliable than us? This article tries to answer these questions. After explaining the basics, it evaluates a study in this context and gives recommendations for companies that want to use consulting and sales robots. Ultimately, fair, honest, and trustworthy robots in retail are a win-win situation for all concerned.“ More information about the AAAI 2022 Spring Symposia is available here.
The 17th International Architecture Exhibition – the whole series, the art part included, is known under the name La Biennale di Venezia – ran from 22 May to 21 November 2021, curated by scholar and architect Hashim Sarkis. Its motto was „How will we live together?“. „We need a new spatial contract. In the context of widening political divides and growing economic inequalities, we call on architects to imagine spaces in which we can generously live together“, Sarkis said to the organizers (s. Website Biennale). „Hashim Sarkis has been Dean of the School of Architecture and Planning at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) since 2015. He earned a Bachelor of Architecture and a Bachelor of Fine Arts from the Rhode Island School of Design, and a PhD in Architecture from Harvard University.“ (Website Biennale) Biennial themes ranged from architecture’s responses to climate change to proposals for living on other planets to the interactions between smart cities or smart houses and cyborgs. Ethical issues were repeatedly addressed.
„Sind soziale Roboter verlässliche Partner? Fünf Dimensionen des Gelingens und Scheiterns“ – so lautet der Titel eines Beitrags von Oliver Bendel, der im Sammelband „Kooperation in der digitalen Arbeitswelt: Verlässliche Führung in Zeiten virtueller Kommunikation“ (Hrsg. Olaf Geramanis, Stefan Hutmacher und Lukas Walser, Springer Gabler 2021) erschienen ist. Aus dem Abstract: „Soziale Roboter, sensomotorische Maschinen, die für den Umgang mit Menschen und Tieren geschaffen wurden, verbreiten sich rasant. Der vorliegende Beitrag lotet zunächst den Begriff aus, unter Verwendung einer Abbildung mit fünf Dimensionen, und stellt Beispiele vor. Zudem wird geklärt, was in diesem Kontext unter Verlässlichkeit zu verstehen ist und welche Disziplinen von Interesse sind. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird die Verlässlichkeit sozialer Roboter diskutiert, wobei sich als durchgehende Aspekte das Zeigen von Intelligenz, Empathie und Emotionen sowie das Sammeln von Daten herauskristallisieren. Soziale Roboter gewinnen Menschen (und Tiere) mit wohlvertrauten Ausdrucks- und Verhaltensweisen für sich. Dadurch kann ein wichtiges Element von Beziehungen und Bindungen entstehen, aber auch die Gefahr von Täuschung und Betrug. Es wird herausgearbeitet, wie soziale Roboter einerseits verlässliche, zuverlässige, vertrauenswürdige Partner sind, andererseits das Gegenteil, da ihnen echte Emotionen und echte Empathie fehlen, sie nur ein simuliertes Gegenüber darstellen und sie dazu prädestiniert sind, uns unsere Geheimnisse zu entreißen.“ Der Begleitband zur Changetagung im Januar 2022 – bei der Oliver Bendel eine Keynote hält – kann über Springer erworben werden. Das Kapitel selbst kann man auch direkt über SpringerLink herunterladen.
Abb.: Oliver Bendel im Jahre 2014 beim FAZ-Forum (Foto: FAZ-Forum)
A group of about 50 scientists from all over the world worked for one week (September 19 – 24, 2021) at Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik on the topic „Conversational Agent as Trustworthy Autonomous System (Trust-CA)“. Half were on site, the other half were connected via Zoom. Organizers of this event were Asbjørn Følstad (SINTEF – Oslo), Jonathan Grudin (Microsoft – Redmond), Effie Lai-Chong Law (University of Leicester), and Björn Schuller (University of Augsburg). On-site participants from Germany and Switzerland included Elisabeth André (University of Augsburg), Stefan Schaffer (DFKI), Sebastian Hobert (University of Göttingen), Matthias Kraus (University of Ulm), and Oliver Bendel (School of Business FHNW). The complete list of participants can be found on the Schloss Dagstuhl website, as well as some pictures. Oliver Bendel presented projects from ten years of research in machine ethics, namely GOODBOT, LIEBOT, BESTBOT, MOME, and SPACE-THEA. Further information is available here.
Fig.: On-site participants in front of Schloss Dagstuhl (photo: Schloss Dagstuhl)
Das Forum Wirtschaftspsychologie 2021 am 25. November 2021 im Stadttheater Olten widmet sich sozialen Robotern. Im Programmtext heißt es: „Soziale Roboter werden gezielt für die Kommunikation und die Zusammenarbeit mit Menschen entwickelt. Mittels künstlicher Intelligenz können sie bei ihren menschlichen Interaktionspartnerinnen und -partnern Gefühle erkennen, Sprache verstehen und adäquat darauf reagieren. Sie haben maschinen-, tier- oder menschenähnliche Gestalt und können emotional oder sachlich kommunizieren.“ (Programmtext FWP) Nach dem Impulsvortrag von Prof. Dr. Hartmut Schulze (Hochschule für Angewandte Psychologie FHNW) diskutieren Prof. Dr. Oliver Bendel (Hochschule für Wirtschaft FHNW), Michael Früh (F&P Robotics), Dr. Patricia Jungo (CURAVIVA Schweiz) und Prof. Dr. Hartmut Schulze auf dem Podium. Die Moderation hat Ulrike Seminati (Empowerel) inne. Die Anmeldung erfolgt über www.forum-wirtschaftspsychologie.ch.
Abb.: Oliver Bendel bei einem Kongress von Hans-Böckler-Stiftung und verd.i in Berlin (Foto: ver.di)
Semi-autonomous machines, autonomous machines and robots inhabit closed, semi-closed and open environments, more structured environments like the household or more unstructured environments like cultural landscapes or the wilderness. There they encounter domestic animals, farm animals, working animals, and wild animals. These creatures could be disturbed, displaced, injured, or killed by the machines. Within the context of machine ethics and social robotics, the School of Business FHNW developed several design studies and prototypes for animal-friendly machines, which can be understood as moral and social machines in the spirit of these disciplines. In 2019-20, a team led by Prof. Dr. Oliver Bendel developed a prototype robot lawnmower that can recognize hedgehogs, interrupt its work for them and thus protect them. Every year many of these animals die worldwide because of traditional service robots. HAPPY HEDGEHOG (HHH), as the invention is called, could be a solution to this problem. This article begins by providing an introduction to the background. Then it focuses on navigation (where the machine comes across certain objects that need to be recognized) and thermal and image recognition (with the help of machine learning) of the machine. It also presents obvious weaknesses and possible improvements. The results could be relevant for an industry that wants to market their products as animal-friendly machines. The paper „The HAPPY HEDGEHOG Project“ is available here.
